This book presents topical research in the study of fluoride and its applications, properties and in environmental management. Topics discussed include advances in the use of alkali-earth metal fluorides as optical materials; the fluoride content in the groundwaters of central and south-east Argentina and Nigeria; the reliability of the grab sample for the determination of fluoride in potable water supplies and the production of thin films of Nd3+ - doped fluorides via the pulsed laser deposition technique.